This is a tool to deploy a REST API to run queries on and visualize NIDM turtle objects. Queries can be found in the nidm-query, repo, along with a nidm viewer. This API is under development, and please submit issues and requests to the nidm-api repo.
You might want to use this tool if you have a NIDM data structure, meaning NIDM-results, NIDM-experiment, or NIDM-workflow, and you want to get information out of it but you don’t know a single thing about RDF files or the query language for them, which is called sparql. This tool will allow you to run pre-generated queries easily, and return results in a format that is easily parsable by modern web technologies (eg, json for javascript or python), and (coming soon) csv and tsv files.
You have three options for using the nidm-api: as a local REST API, a REST API (served to the world on a public server), or as modules (to integrate into your python applications).
When you install the module, an executable, “nidm” is placed into your system or local bin (it will tell you the location upon installation). If this bin is added to your path, you can start the server:
nidm
Then open your browser to localhost:8088. The index view that you see is a complete list of validated queries, for example:
The available queries must pass through validation to be available (not yet implemented). The queries are organized by their uid, which is just the name of the json file that is found in the nidm-query repo. You can contribute to this repo if you want to make a new query, and tools will be developed for you to generate these data structures in a graphical interface. The “type” variable in the returned json is generated dynamically, and corresponds to the folder name in nidm-query repo. We currently support “results,” “experiment,” and “workflow,” as these are the different kinds of NIDM data structures that are being developed.
The first thing you might want to do is retrieve all the meta data for a single query. This means that we will look at the list in the photo above, and find the uid of one that we like. We can then ask to see a single query:
You might then have a turtle file that you want to actually run a query on. For example, if you look in the nidm-api examples directory, we have provided a nidm.ttl file that corresponds to a NIDM-Results folder. We can run the query we just saw above to get coordinates:
The only difference is that we’ve added the “query” to the URL, and specified the ttl file as a variable, indicated by the ”?” at the end of the URL. We will eventually give you more options to customize your query, for now that’s it. When you do the query, your result will be returned again in json:
Note that I gave the REST API a local path on my computer. We can also give it a URL and it will work.
If you screw something up, meaning that the query did not work for any reason (e.g., you gave it a wrong file, improperly formatted file, or the query logic has an error), it will tell you:
Note that the current (tiny) set of queries is currently not being validated, and they need work and contribution.
You can use something like gunicorn to run the flask application on a server, for the world to use. More documentation on how to do this will come, as we currently do not have a server to host this. Please be aware that the debug mode in the Flask application is set to True, and you should `read about <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/deploying/
>`_ the proper way to deploy a flask application before doing something that might compromise the security of your server.
An example turtle file is provided in the “example” directory of the repo, and running a query on this file from within python is shown below:
#!/usr/bin/pythonfromnidm.queryimportget_query_directory,validate_queries,make_lookup,do_query# Get updated queries, validate, and generate a lookup dict:query_dir=get_query_directory()query_json=validate_queries(query_dir)query_dict=make_lookup(query_json,key_field="uid")# Let's use the query to get coordinatesqid="7950f524-90e8-4d54-ad6d-7b22af2e895d"# Here is a ttl file that I want to query, nidm-resultsttl_file="nidm.ttl"result=do_query(ttl_file=ttl_file,query=query_dict[qid]["sparql"])# The result is a pandas data frame. I can turn it into other things tooresult=result.to_dict(orient="records")
searches one or more folders for valid queries, meaning
json files. In the case of multiple directories, will
append the folder name as a variable to indicate the type
Parameters
==========
query_folders: list or str
one or more full paths to directories with json objects
search_pattern: str
pattern for glob to use to find query objects
default is “*.json”
full path to output directory for json data structure.
if none specified, will not save the data structure
template_path: str
path to json file to use as a template. Only should be
specified if the user has reason to use a custom template
default is the standard provided by nidm-api.
fields: dict (optional)
a dictionary with fields that correspond to template keys.
if provided, template will be filled with keys. Possible values
include
template: json (dict)
A python dictionary (json) that can be filled with
new query information
Read in a list of query (json) objects.
Parameters
==========
query_paths: list
a list of full paths to query objects to read
Returns
=======
queries_: list
dict to be served as json describing queries available
a “type” variable is added to indicate folder query was found in
We have a dynamic web interface that will allow you to generate, preview (and eventually test) a new data structure for adding to nidm-query. This can also be done, using the same functions, programatically. You can then add it to the repo by submitting a pull request to add it. A pull request affords group discussion, and we will eventually have continuous integration that will run tests on your new query. We recommend that you use the generation functions to ensure accuracy in the format and fields of your data structure.
title: This should be a single sentence that describes what your query does, what object model it is associated with, etc.
creator: We ask for your ORCID ID to be filled into the creator spot. If you don’t have this, you can put a name or email. We are currently not validating this, so you can really do whatever you like. We will (hopefully) decide on a standard.
keywords: should be keywords to describe your query.
component: name of the nidm component the query belongs to - one of [PROV, Results, Experiment, Workflow, Dataset Description, General]
format: the type of sparql query - one of [SELECT, CONSTRUCT, ASK, UPDATE]
model: name of the object model being queried - one of [fMRI Results, Freesurfer, General]
description: This should be a text description of your query, please give details. The title and description will eventually be provided in a static web interface served with the repo for people to search and find queries they want to use.
When you click next, the next page is where you should copy paste your sparql:
If you are not ready to generate your file, you can click “Preview” for a new tab to open with the query. The parameters that the user is allowed to ask for will be extracted from your “select” line, indicated by a word preceded with ? (e.g., ?hello). Do not worry about capitalization.
When you are ready to save your query, click “Create!”
A file will be downloaded to your computer. You should drop this file into the appropriate directory in your nidm-query. repo and submit a PR to add it to the nidm-api. We will eventually have tests for the queries, and an interactive web interface hosted with the nidm-api to explore the queries available (before downloading the nidm-api).
Flask is a web framework (in python) that makes it ridiculously easy to do stuff with python in the browser. You can conceptually think of it like Django released wild and free from its mom’s minivan. If you look at app.py, you will see a bunch of functions that return different views, and each view is associated with a particular url (with variables) that the user might want. You should first familiarize yourself with flask before trying to develop with it.
The queries are kept separate from the api itself, in the nidm-query repo. We did this because the world of writing sparql, and developing a web framework / API to serve the queries, are two separate things. A developer writing queries should be able to submit a PR to add a single file to the nidm-queries repo without needing to know about the nidm-api infrastructure. A developer working on the API shouldn’t need to worry about the sparql side of things.
The user installs the application with pip. This installs the python modules to the user’s site-packages, but it also adds an executable, “nidm” to the users bin. This exectuable can be run to start the server instantly.
Upon the creation of the server, the nidm-queries repo is downloaded to a temporary directory. This ensures that queries are up to date at the start of the server. If you are using the functions from within your application, you can download the repo to a location of your choice and specify the location in your application.
The queries are json (ld) files. This just means they have a key called @context with some kind of stuff that semantic web folk understand. We are showing them as standard .json files because the .jsonld extension is not widely known, and could be confusing.
The tool reads in all queries, and presents valid queries to the user at the base url of the server, localhost:8088. (Note that validation is not currently implemented). The user can select a query of choice based on the unique id, the “uid” variable in the json structure presented at localhost:8088.
The user can then look at the details for a query by way of locahost:8088/api/[qid], or perform a query on a ttl file with localhost:8088/api/query/[qid]?ttl=[ttl_file]. The [ttl_file] can be a local path, or a URL. This is the extent of the tool thus far, it is still under development.
The url /api/[more-stuff-here] is linked up to serve a RESTful API, however the beauty of flask is that we can configure other URLs to do other interesting things. For example, /create might bring up an interactive web interface to write inputs to generate a new query object. /api/visual may be configured to return an interactive d3 or neo4j version of some part of the graph extracted from your ttl file. Having python and the infinite amount of web visualization technology at our fingertips makes the options really unlimited.
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PK vdG` ` + nidm-api-latest/_static/underscore-1.3.1.js// Underscore.js 1.3.1
// (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
// Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license.
// Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype,
// Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
// For all details and documentation:
// http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore
(function() {
// Baseline setup
// --------------
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// Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
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// Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
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unshift = ArrayProto.unshift,
toString = ObjProto.toString,
hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
// All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
// are declared here.
var
nativeForEach = ArrayProto.forEach,
nativeMap = ArrayProto.map,
nativeReduce = ArrayProto.reduce,
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nativeFilter = ArrayProto.filter,
nativeEvery = ArrayProto.every,
nativeSome = ArrayProto.some,
nativeIndexOf = ArrayProto.indexOf,
nativeLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf,
nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
nativeKeys = Object.keys,
nativeBind = FuncProto.bind;
// Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
var _ = function(obj) { return new wrapper(obj); };
// Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
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// for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode.
if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
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exports = module.exports = _;
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exports._ = _;
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root['_'] = _;
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// Current version.
_.VERSION = '1.3.1';
// Collection Functions
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// The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
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var each = _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iterator, context) {
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obj.forEach(iterator, context);
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initial = true;
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value : value,
criteria : iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
};
}).sort(function(left, right) {
var a = left.criteria, b = right.criteria;
return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
}), 'value');
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var result = {};
var iterator = _.isFunction(val) ? val : function(obj) { return obj[val]; };
each(obj, function(value, index) {
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(result[key] || (result[key] = [])).push(value);
});
return result;
};
// Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should
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_.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iterator) {
iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
var low = 0, high = array.length;
while (low < high) {
var mid = (low + high) >> 1;
iterator(array[mid]) < iterator(obj) ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
}
return low;
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// Array Functions
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};
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_.last = function(array, n, guard) {
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return _.reduce(array, function(memo, value) {
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memo[memo.length] = value;
return memo;
}, []);
};
// Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
_.without = function(array) {
return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
};
// Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
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// Aliased as `unique`.
_.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iterator) {
var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator) : array;
var result = [];
_.reduce(initial, function(memo, el, i) {
if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) {
memo[memo.length] = el;
result[result.length] = array[i];
}
return memo;
}, []);
return result;
};
// Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
// the passed-in arrays.
_.union = function() {
return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true));
};
// Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
// passed-in arrays. (Aliased as "intersect" for back-compat.)
_.intersection = _.intersect = function(array) {
var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function(item) {
return _.every(rest, function(other) {
return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0;
});
});
};
// Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
// Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
_.difference = function(array) {
var rest = _.flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1));
return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !_.include(rest, value); });
};
// Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
// an index go together.
_.zip = function() {
var args = slice.call(arguments);
var length = _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length'));
var results = new Array(length);
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) results[i] = _.pluck(args, "" + i);
return results;
};
// If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, **MSIE**),
// we need this function. Return the position of the first occurrence of an
// item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
// Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `indexOf` if available.
// If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
// for **isSorted** to use binary search.
_.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
if (array == null) return -1;
var i, l;
if (isSorted) {
i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
}
if (nativeIndexOf && array.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return array.indexOf(item);
for (i = 0, l = array.length; i < l; i++) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i;
return -1;
};
// Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available.
_.lastIndexOf = function(array, item) {
if (array == null) return -1;
if (nativeLastIndexOf && array.lastIndexOf === nativeLastIndexOf) return array.lastIndexOf(item);
var i = array.length;
while (i--) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i;
return -1;
};
// Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
// the native Python `range()` function. See
// [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
_.range = function(start, stop, step) {
if (arguments.length <= 1) {
stop = start || 0;
start = 0;
}
step = arguments[2] || 1;
var len = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
var idx = 0;
var range = new Array(len);
while(idx < len) {
range[idx++] = start;
start += step;
}
return range;
};
// Function (ahem) Functions
// ------------------
// Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
var ctor = function(){};
// Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
// optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as `curry`.
// Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if available.
// We check for `func.bind` first, to fail fast when `func` is undefined.
_.bind = function bind(func, context) {
var bound, args;
if (func.bind === nativeBind && nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError;
args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
return bound = function() {
if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
var self = new ctor;
var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
if (Object(result) === result) return result;
return self;
};
};
// Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
// all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
_.bindAll = function(obj) {
var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
if (funcs.length == 0) funcs = _.functions(obj);
each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
return obj;
};
// Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
_.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
var memo = {};
hasher || (hasher = _.identity);
return function() {
var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments);
return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
};
};
// Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
// it with the arguments supplied.
_.delay = function(func, wait) {
var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(func, args); }, wait);
};
// Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
// cleared.
_.defer = function(func) {
return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
};
// Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
// during a given window of time.
_.throttle = function(func, wait) {
var context, args, timeout, throttling, more;
var whenDone = _.debounce(function(){ more = throttling = false; }, wait);
return function() {
context = this; args = arguments;
var later = function() {
timeout = null;
if (more) func.apply(context, args);
whenDone();
};
if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
if (throttling) {
more = true;
} else {
func.apply(context, args);
}
whenDone();
throttling = true;
};
};
// Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
// be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
// N milliseconds.
_.debounce = function(func, wait) {
var timeout;
return function() {
var context = this, args = arguments;
var later = function() {
timeout = null;
func.apply(context, args);
};
clearTimeout(timeout);
timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
};
};
// Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
// often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
_.once = function(func) {
var ran = false, memo;
return function() {
if (ran) return memo;
ran = true;
return memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
};
};
// Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
// allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
// conditionally execute the original function.
_.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
return function() {
var args = [func].concat(slice.call(arguments, 0));
return wrapper.apply(this, args);
};
};
// Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
// consuming the return value of the function that follows.
_.compose = function() {
var funcs = arguments;
return function() {
var args = arguments;
for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
}
return args[0];
};
};
// Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
_.after = function(times, func) {
if (times <= 0) return func();
return function() {
if (--times < 1) { return func.apply(this, arguments); }
};
};
// Object Functions
// ----------------
// Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
// Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
_.keys = nativeKeys || function(obj) {
if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object');
var keys = [];
for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys[keys.length] = key;
return keys;
};
// Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
_.values = function(obj) {
return _.map(obj, _.identity);
};
// Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
// Aliased as `methods`
_.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
var names = [];
for (var key in obj) {
if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
}
return names.sort();
};
// Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
_.extend = function(obj) {
each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
for (var prop in source) {
obj[prop] = source[prop];
}
});
return obj;
};
// Fill in a given object with default properties.
_.defaults = function(obj) {
each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
for (var prop in source) {
if (obj[prop] == null) obj[prop] = source[prop];
}
});
return obj;
};
// Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
_.clone = function(obj) {
if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
};
// Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
// The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
// order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
_.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
interceptor(obj);
return obj;
};
// Internal recursive comparison function.
function eq(a, b, stack) {
// Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
// See the Harmony `egal` proposal: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal.
if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
// A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
// Unwrap any wrapped objects.
if (a._chain) a = a._wrapped;
if (b._chain) b = b._wrapped;
// Invoke a custom `isEqual` method if one is provided.
if (a.isEqual && _.isFunction(a.isEqual)) return a.isEqual(b);
if (b.isEqual && _.isFunction(b.isEqual)) return b.isEqual(a);
// Compare `[[Class]]` names.
var className = toString.call(a);
if (className != toString.call(b)) return false;
switch (className) {
// Strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
case '[object String]':
// Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
// equivalent to `new String("5")`.
return a == String(b);
case '[object Number]':
// `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. An `egal` comparison is performed for
// other numeric values.
return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b);
case '[object Date]':
case '[object Boolean]':
// Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
// millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
// of `NaN` are not equivalent.
return +a == +b;
// RegExps are compared by their source patterns and flags.
case '[object RegExp]':
return a.source == b.source &&
a.global == b.global &&
a.multiline == b.multiline &&
a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase;
}
if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
// Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
// structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
var length = stack.length;
while (length--) {
// Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
// unique nested structures.
if (stack[length] == a) return true;
}
// Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
stack.push(a);
var size = 0, result = true;
// Recursively compare objects and arrays.
if (className == '[object Array]') {
// Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
size = a.length;
result = size == b.length;
if (result) {
// Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
while (size--) {
// Ensure commutative equality for sparse arrays.
if (!(result = size in a == size in b && eq(a[size], b[size], stack))) break;
}
}
} else {
// Objects with different constructors are not equivalent.
if ('constructor' in a != 'constructor' in b || a.constructor != b.constructor) return false;
// Deep compare objects.
for (var key in a) {
if (_.has(a, key)) {
// Count the expected number of properties.
size++;
// Deep compare each member.
if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], stack))) break;
}
}
// Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
if (result) {
for (key in b) {
if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
}
result = !size;
}
}
// Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
stack.pop();
return result;
}
// Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
_.isEqual = function(a, b) {
return eq(a, b, []);
};
// Is a given array, string, or object empty?
// An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
_.isEmpty = function(obj) {
if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
return true;
};
// Is a given value a DOM element?
_.isElement = function(obj) {
return !!(obj && obj.nodeType == 1);
};
// Is a given value an array?
// Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
_.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]';
};
// Is a given variable an object?
_.isObject = function(obj) {
return obj === Object(obj);
};
// Is a given variable an arguments object?
_.isArguments = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object Arguments]';
};
if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
_.isArguments = function(obj) {
return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee'));
};
}
// Is a given value a function?
_.isFunction = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object Function]';
};
// Is a given value a string?
_.isString = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object String]';
};
// Is a given value a number?
_.isNumber = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object Number]';
};
// Is the given value `NaN`?
_.isNaN = function(obj) {
// `NaN` is the only value for which `===` is not reflexive.
return obj !== obj;
};
// Is a given value a boolean?
_.isBoolean = function(obj) {
return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]';
};
// Is a given value a date?
_.isDate = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object Date]';
};
// Is the given value a regular expression?
_.isRegExp = function(obj) {
return toString.call(obj) == '[object RegExp]';
};
// Is a given value equal to null?
_.isNull = function(obj) {
return obj === null;
};
// Is a given variable undefined?
_.isUndefined = function(obj) {
return obj === void 0;
};
// Has own property?
_.has = function(obj, key) {
return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
};
// Utility Functions
// -----------------
// Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
// previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
_.noConflict = function() {
root._ = previousUnderscore;
return this;
};
// Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
_.identity = function(value) {
return value;
};
// Run a function **n** times.
_.times = function (n, iterator, context) {
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) iterator.call(context, i);
};
// Escape a string for HTML interpolation.
_.escape = function(string) {
return (''+string).replace(/&/g, '&').replace(//g, '>').replace(/"/g, '"').replace(/'/g, ''').replace(/\//g,'/');
};
// Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object, ensuring that
// they're correctly added to the OOP wrapper as well.
_.mixin = function(obj) {
each(_.functions(obj), function(name){
addToWrapper(name, _[name] = obj[name]);
});
};
// Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
// Useful for temporary DOM ids.
var idCounter = 0;
_.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
var id = idCounter++;
return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
};
// By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
// following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
_.templateSettings = {
evaluate : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
escape : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
};
// When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
// interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
// guaranteed not to match.
var noMatch = /.^/;
// Within an interpolation, evaluation, or escaping, remove HTML escaping
// that had been previously added.
var unescape = function(code) {
return code.replace(/\\\\/g, '\\').replace(/\\'/g, "'");
};
// JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
// Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
// and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
_.template = function(str, data) {
var c = _.templateSettings;
var tmpl = 'var __p=[],print=function(){__p.push.apply(__p,arguments);};' +
'with(obj||{}){__p.push(\'' +
str.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\')
.replace(/'/g, "\\'")
.replace(c.escape || noMatch, function(match, code) {
return "',_.escape(" + unescape(code) + "),'";
})
.replace(c.interpolate || noMatch, function(match, code) {
return "'," + unescape(code) + ",'";
})
.replace(c.evaluate || noMatch, function(match, code) {
return "');" + unescape(code).replace(/[\r\n\t]/g, ' ') + ";__p.push('";
})
.replace(/\r/g, '\\r')
.replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
.replace(/\t/g, '\\t')
+ "');}return __p.join('');";
var func = new Function('obj', '_', tmpl);
if (data) return func(data, _);
return function(data) {
return func.call(this, data, _);
};
};
// Add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper.
_.chain = function(obj) {
return _(obj).chain();
};
// The OOP Wrapper
// ---------------
// If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
// can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
// underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
var wrapper = function(obj) { this._wrapped = obj; };
// Expose `wrapper.prototype` as `_.prototype`
_.prototype = wrapper.prototype;
// Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
var result = function(obj, chain) {
return chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
};
// A method to easily add functions to the OOP wrapper.
var addToWrapper = function(name, func) {
wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
var args = slice.call(arguments);
unshift.call(args, this._wrapped);
return result(func.apply(_, args), this._chain);
};
};
// Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
_.mixin(_);
// Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
var method = ArrayProto[name];
wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
var wrapped = this._wrapped;
method.apply(wrapped, arguments);
var length = wrapped.length;
if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && length === 0) delete wrapped[0];
return result(wrapped, this._chain);
};
});
// Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
var method = ArrayProto[name];
wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
return result(method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments), this._chain);
};
});
// Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
wrapper.prototype.chain = function() {
this._chain = true;
return this;
};
// Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
wrapper.prototype.value = function() {
return this._wrapped;
};
}).call(this);
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